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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
PRELIMINARY
August 2001
ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
General Description
The ACE1101 (Arithmetic Controller Engine) family of microcontrollers is a dedicated programmable monolithic integrated circuit for applications requiring high performance, low power, and small size. It is a fully static part fabricated using CMOS technology. The ACE1101 product family has an 8-bit microcontroller core, 64 bytes of RAM, 64 bytes of data EEPROM and 1K bytes of code EEPROM. Its on-chip peripherals include a multi-function 16-bit timer, watchdog/idle timer, and programmable under-voltage detection circuitry. On-chip clock and reset functions reduce the number of required external components. The ACE1101 product family is available in 8-pin TSSOP, 8-pin DIP and 14-pin DIP packages. I On-chip oscillator -- No external components -- 1s instruction cycle time I On-chip Power-on Reset I Brown-out Reset I Programmable read and write disable functions I Memory mapped I/O I Multi-level Low Voltage Detection I Fully static CMOS -- Low power HALT mode (100nA @ 3.3V) -- Power saving IDLE mode I Single supply operation -- 1.8-5.5V (ACE1101L) -- 2.2-5.5V (ACE1101) -- 2.7-5.5V (ACE1101B) I Software selectable I/O options -- Push-pull outputs with tri-state option -- Weak pull-up or high impedance inputs I 40 years data retention I 1,000,000 writes I 8-pin TSSOP, 8 and 14-pin DIP packages. (SOIC and CSP packages available upon request) I In-circuit programming
Features
I Arithmetic Controller Engine I 1K bytes on-board code EEPROM I 64 bytes data EEPROM I 64 bytes RAM I Watchdog I Multi-input wake-up on all I/O pins I 16-bit multifunction timer
Block and Connection Diagram
VCC 1 GND 2 RESET
1
Power-on Reset Low Battery/Brown-out Detect
Internal Oscillator Watchdog/ 12-Bit Timer 0 16-Bit Timer 1
G0 (CKO) G1 (CKI) G2 (T1) G3(Input only) G4 G5 G6 G7
2 2
G port general purpose I/O with multiinput wakeup
ACE1101 Control Unit Programming Interface 1K bytes of CODE EEPROM
HALT/IDLE Power saving Modes RAM block 64 bytes 64 bytes of DATA EEPROM
1. 100nf Decoupling capacitor recommended 2. Available only in the 14-pin package option.
(c) 2001 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation ACE1101 Product Family Rev. B.2
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
Figure 2: ACE1101 Application Example (Remote Keyless Entry)
VCC Optional LED G4 G0 G1 GND VCC G3 G5 G2 RF Stage RF Interface
Figure 3: ACE1101 TSSOP/DIP 8-pin Device a) Normal Mode Operation b) Programming Mode Operation
G3 G4 G5 G0
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
VCC GND G2 G1
LOAD SFT_IN NC/VCC NC
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
VCC GND SFT_OUT CKI
Figure 4: ACE1101 DIP 14-pin Device a) Normal Mode Operation b) Programming Mode Operation
G3 G4 NC G6 G7 G5 G0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
14 13 12 11 10 9 8
VCC GND RESET G2 NC NC G1
LOAD SFT_IN NC NC NC NC/VCC NC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
14 13 12 11 10 9 8
VCC GND RESET SFT_OUT NC NC CKI
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
2.0 Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings
Ambient Storage Temperature Input Voltage not including G3 G3 Input Voltage Lead Temperature (10s max) Electrostatic Discharge on all pins -65C to +150C -0.3V to VCC+0.3V 0.3V to 13V +300C 2000V min
Operating Conditions
Relative Humidity (non-condensing) EEPROM write limits 95% See DC Electrical Characteristics
Device
ACE1101 ACE1101E ACE1101V ACE1101B ACE1101BE ACE1101BV ACE1101L
Operating Voltage Ambient Operating Temperature
2.2 to 5.5V 2.2 to 5.5V 2.2 to 5.5V 2.7 to 5.5V 2.7 to 5.5V 2.7 to 5.5V 1.8 to 5.5V 0C to 70C -40C to +85C -40C to +125C 0C to 70C -40C to +85C -40C to +125C 0C to 70C
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
Preliminary ACE1101/1101B/1101L DC Electrical Characteristics
VCC = 2.2/2.7/1.8 to 5.5V All measurements valid for ambient operating temperature range unless otherwise stated.
Symbol
ICC
3
Parameter
Supply Current - no data EEPROM write in progress 1.8V 2.2V 2.7V 3.3V 5.5V
Conditions
MIN
TYP
0.2 0.4 0.7 1.2 3.7 10 60 75 400 600 1550 150 200
MAX
0.5 1.0 1.2 2.0 5.5 100 1000 1000 2500 5000 8000 200 300 5.5 5.5 10ms/V 0.2VCC
Units
mA mA mA mA mA nA nA nA nA nA nA A A V V
ICCH
HALT Mode current
3.3V @ -40C to +25C 5.5V @ -40C to +25C 3.3V @ +85C 5.5V @ +85C 3.3V @ +125C 5.5V @+125C 3.3V 5.5V Code EEPROM in Programming Mode Data EEPROM in Operating Mode 4.5 2.4 1s/V VCC = 1.8 -5.5V VCC = 1.8 - 5.5V VCC =5.5V, VIN =0V VCC =5.5V VCC = 1.8 - 2.2V 0.8 mA sink 1.0 mA sink VCC = 2.2V - 3.3V 3.0 mA sink 5.0 mA sink VCC = 3.3V - 5.5V 5.0 mA sink 10.0 mA sink VCC = 1.8 - 2.2V 0.1 mA source 0.2 mA source VCC = 3.3V - 5.5V 0.4 mA source 0.8 mA source VCC = 3.3V - 5.5V 0.4 mA source 1.0 mA source 0.8VCC 0.8VCC 0.8VCC 0.8VCC 0.8VCC 0.8VCC 0.8VCC 30
ICCL4 VCCW
IDLE Mode Current EEPROM Write Voltage
5.0
SVCC VIL VIH IIP ITL VOL
Power Supply Slope Input Low with Schmitt Trigger Buffer Input High with Schmitt Trigger Buffer Input Pull-up Current TRI-STATE Leakage Output Low Voltage G0, G1, G2, G4, G6, G7 G5 Output Low Voltage G0, G1, G2, G4, G6, G7 G5 Output Low Voltage G0, G1, G2, G4, G6, G7 G5
V V
65 2
350 200
A nA
0.2VCC 0.2VCC
V V
0.2VCC 0.2VCC
V V
0.2VCC 0.2VCC
V V
VOH
Output High Voltage G0, G1, G2, G4, G6, G7 G5 Output High Voltage G0, G1, G2, G4, G6, G7 G5 Output High Voltage G0, G1, G2, G4, G6, G7 G5
V V
V V
V V
3 4
ICC active current is dependent on the program code. Based on a continuous IDLE looping program.
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
Preliminary ACE1101/1101B/1101L AC Electrical Characteristics VCC = 2.2/2.7/1.8 to 5.5V
All measurements valid for ambient operating temperature range unless otherwise stated.
Parameter
Instruction cycle time from internal clock - setpoint Internal clock voltage dependent frequency variation Internal clock temperature dependent frequency variation Internal clock frequency deviation for 0.5V drop Crystal oscillator frequency External clock frequency EEPROM write time Internal clock start up time Oscillator start up time
5 6
Conditions
5.0V at +25C 3.0V to 5.5V, constant temperature 3.0V to 5.5V, full temperature range 3.0V to 4.5V, constant temperature (Note 5) (Note 6)
MIN
0.9
TYP
1.0
MAX
1.1 +5 +10 +2 4 4
Units
s % % % MHz MHz ms ms cycles
3 (Note 6) (Note 6)
10 2 2400
The maximum permissible frequency is guaranteed by design but not 100% tested. The parameter is guaranteed by design but not 100% tested.
Preliminary ACE1101/1101B/1101L Electrical Characteristics for programming
All data following is valid between 4.5V and 5.5V at ambient temperature. The following characteristics are guaranteed by design but are not 100% tested. See "EEPROM write time" in the AC Electrical Characteristics for definition of the programming ready time.
Parameter
tHI tLO tDIS tDIH tDOS tDOH tSV1, tSV2 tLOAD1, tLOAD2, tLOAD3, tLOAD4 VSUPERVOLTAGE
Description
CLOCK high time CLOCK low time SHIFT_IN setup time SHIFT_IN hold time SHIFT_OUT setup time SHIFT_OUT hold time LOAD supervoltage timing LOAD timing Supervoltage level
MIN
500 500 100 100 100 900 50 5 11.5
MAX
DC DC
Units
ns ns ns ns ns ns s s
12.5
V
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
Preliminary ACE1101/1101L Low Battery Detect (LBD) Characteristics
VCC = 2.2/1.8 to 5.5V The following characteristics are guaranteed by design but are not 100% tested.
Parameter
LBD Voltage Threshold
Conditions
Level 1 @ -40C Level 8 @ -40C Level 1 @ 0C Level 8 @ 0C Level 1 @ +25C Level 8 @ +25C Level 1 @ +85C Level 8 @ +85C Level 1 @ +125C Level 8 @ +125C
MIN
TYP
2.84 2.02 2.98 2.05 3.08 2.12 3.31 2.27 3.36 2.40
MAX
Units
V V V V V V V V V V
Preliminary ACE1101 Brown-out Reset (BOR) Characteristics
VCC = 2.2 to 5.5V The following characteristics are guaranteed by design but are not 100% tested.
Parameter
BOR Trigger Threshold
Conditions
-40C 0C +25C +85C +125C
MIN
TYP
1.98 2.06 2.12 2.27 2.37
MAX
Units
V V V V V
Preliminary ACE1101L Brown-out Reset (BOR) Characteristics
VCC = 1.8 to 5.5V The following characteristics are guaranteed by design but are not 100% tested.
Parameter
BOR Trigger Threshold
Conditions
0C +25C +70C
MIN
TYP
1.78 1.82 1.96
MAX
Units
V V V
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
3.0 AC & DC Electrical Characteristic Graphs Figure 5: RC Oscillator Frequency vs. Temperature (VCC=5.0V)
2.600 2.400 2.200 2.000 1.800 1.600 1.400 1.200 1.000 3.3k/82pF 5.6k/100pF 6.8K/100pF
Frequency (MHz)
Avg Min Max
Resistor & Capacitor Values [k & pF] Figure 6: RC Oscillator Frequency vs. Temperature (VCC=2.5V)
1.600
Frequency (MHz)
1.400 1.200 1.000 0.800 0.600 3.3k/82pF 5.6k/100pF 6.8K/100pF
Avg Min Max
Resistor & Capacitor Values [k & pF]
Figure 7: Internal Oscillator Frequency
Frequency (MHz)
Temperature [C]
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Figure 8: Power Supply Rise Time
VCC
VBATT
1V
tS min
tS actual
tS max
time
Name
VCC VBATT tS min tS actual tS max SVCC Supply Voltage
Parameter
Battery Voltage (Nominal Operating Voltage) Minimum Time for VCC to Rise by 1V Actual Time for VCC to Rise by 1V Maximum Time for VCC to Rise by 1V Power Supply Slope
Unit
[V] [V] [ms] [ms] [ms] [ms/V]
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Figure 9: ICC Active ICC Active (no data EEPROM writes) vs. Temperature
Icc Active (mA)
Temperature [C]
ICC Active (data EEPROM writes) vs. Temperature
Icc Active (mA)
Temperature [C]
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Figure 10: HALT Mode Currents HALT current vs. Temperature
Icc HALT (nA)
Temperature [C]
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Figure 11: IDLE Mode Currents IDLE current vs. Temperature
Icc IDLE (A)
Temperature [C]
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
4.0 Arithmetic Controller Core
The ACEx microcontroller core is specifically designed for low cost applications involving bit manipulation, shifting block encryption. It is based on a modified Harvard architecture meaning peripheral, I/O, and RAM locations are addressed separately from instruction data. The core differs from the traditional Harvard architecture by aligning the data and instruction memory sequentially. This allows the X-pointer (11-bits) to point to any memory location in either
segment of the memory map. This modification improves the overall code efficiency of the ACEx microcontroller and takes advantage of the flexibility found on Von Neumann style machines.
4.1 CPU Registers
The ACEx microcontroller has five general-purpose registers. These registers are the Accumulator (A), X-Pointer (X), Program Counter (PC), Stack Pointer (SP), and Status Register (SR). The X, SP, and SR registers are all memory-mapped.
Figure 12: Programming Model
A X PC SP SR 10 9
7
0 0 0 3 0
8-bit accumulator register 11-bit X pointer register 10-bit program counter 4-bit stack pointer 8-bit status register NEGATIVE flag HALF CARRY flag (from bit 3) CARRY flag (from MSB) ZERO flag GLOBAL Interrupt Mask READY flag (from EEPROM)
R 0 0GZCHN
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4.1.1 Accumulator (A)
The Accumulator is a general-purpose 8-bit register that is used to hold data and results of arithmetic calculations or data manipulations.
4.1.2 X-Pointer (X)
The X-Pointer register allows for an 11-bit indexing value to be added to an 8-bit offset creating an effective address used for reading and writing between the entire memory space. (Software can only read from code EEPROM.) This provides software with the flexibility of storing lookup tables in the code EEPROM memory space for the core's accessibility during normal operation. The ACEx core allows software to access the entire 11-bit XPointer register using the special X-pointer instructions (e.g. LD X, #000H). (See Table 9) However, software may also access the register through any of the memory-mapped instructions using the XHI (X[10:8]) and XLO (X[7:0]) variables located at 0xBE and 0xBF, respectively. (See Table 11) The X register is divided into two sections. The 10 least significant bits (LSB) of the register is the address of the program or data memory space. The most significant bit (MSB) of the register is write only and selects between the data (0x000 to 0x0FF) or program (0xC00 to 0xFFF) memory space. Example: If Bit 10 = 0, then the LD A, [00,X] instruction will take a value from address range 0x000 to 0x0FF and load it into A. If Bit 10 = 1, then the LD A, [00,X] instruction will take a value from address range 0xC00 to 0xFFF and load it into A. The X register can also serve as a counter or temporary storage register. However, this is true only for the 10-LSBs since the 11th bit is dedicated for memory space selection.
instruction, the address of the instruction is automatically pushed onto the stack least significant byte first. When the subroutine is finished, a return from subroutine (RET) instruction is executed. The RET instruction pulls the previously stacked return address from the stack and loads it into the program counter. Execution then continues at the recovered return address.
4.1.5 Status Register (SR)
This 8-bit register contains four condition code indicators (C, H, Z, and N), one interrupt masking bit (G), and an EEPROM write flag (R). In the ACEx microcontroller, condition codes are automatically updated by most instructions. (See Table 10)
Carry/Borrow (C)
The carry flag is set if the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs a carry or borrow during an arithmetic operation and by its dedicated instructions. The rotate instruction operates with and through the carry bit to facilitate multiple-word shift operations. The LDC and INVC instructions facilitate direct bit manipulation using the carry flag.
Half Carry (H)
The half carry flag indicates whether an overflow has taken place on the boundary between the two nibbles in the accumulator. It is primarily used for Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) arithmetic calculation.
Zero (Z)
The zero flag is set if the result of an arithmetic, logic, or data manipulation operation is zero. Otherwise, it is cleared.
Negative (N)
The negative flag is set if the MSB of the result from an arithmetic, logic, or data manipulation operation is set to one. Otherwise, the flag is cleared. A result is said to be negative if its MSB is a one.
4.1.3 Program Counter (PC)
The 10-bit program counter register contains the address of the next instruction to be executed. After a reset, if in normal mode the program counter is initialized to 0xC00.
Interrupt Mask (G)
The interrupt request mask (G) is a global mask that disables all maskable interrupt sources. If the G Bit is cleared, interrupts can become pending, but the operation of the core continues uninterrupted. However, if the G Bit is set an interrupt is recognized. After any reset, the G bit is cleared by default and can only be set by a software instruction. When an interrupt is recognized, the G bit is cleared after the PC is stacked and the interrupt vector is fetched. Once the interrupt is serviced, a return from interrupt instruction is normally executed to restore the PC to the value that was present before the interrupt occurred. The G bit is reset to one after a return from interrupt is executed. Although the G bit can be set within an interrupt service routine, "nesting" interrupts in this way should only be done when there is a clear understanding of latency and of the arbitration mechanism.
4.1.4 Stack Pointer (SP)
The ACEx microcontroller has an automatic program stack with a 4bit stack pointer. The stack can be initialized to any location between addresses 0x30-0x3F. Normally, the stack pointer is initialized by one of the first instructions in an application program. After a reset, the stack pointer is defaulted to 0xF pointing to address 0x3F. The stack is configured as a data structure which decrements from high to low memory. Each time a new address is pushed onto the stack, the core decrements the stack pointer by two. Each time an address is pulled from the stack, the core increments the stack pointer is by two. At any given time, the stack pointer points to the next free location in the stack. When a subroutine is called by a jump to subroutine (JSR)
4.2 Interrupt handling
When an interrupt is recognized, the current instruction completes its execution. The return address (the current value in the program counter) is pushed onto the stack and execution contin-
Table 8: Interrupt Priority Sequence Priority (4 highest, 1 lowest)
4 3 2 1 MIW Timer0 Timer1 Software
Interrupt
(EDGEI) (TMRI0) (TMRI1) (INTR)
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ues at the address specified by the unique interrupt vector (see Table 11). This process takes five instruction cycles. At the end of the interrupt service routine, a return from interrupt (RETI) instruction is executed. The RETI instruction causes the saved address to be pulled off the stack in reverse order. The G bit is set and instruction execution resumes at the return address. The ACEx microcontroller is capable of supporting four interrupts. Three are maskable through the G bit of the SR and the fourth (software interrupt) is not inhibited by the G bit (see Figure 13). The software interrupt instruction is generated by the execution of the INTR instruction. once the INTR instruction is executed, the ACEx core will interrupt whether the G bit is set or not. The INTR interrupt is executed in the same manner as the other maskable interrupts where the program counter register is stacked and the G bit is cleared. This means, if the G bit was enabled prior to the software interrupt the RETI instruction must be used to return from interrupt in order to restore the G bit to its previous state. However, if the G bit was not enabled prior to the software interrupt the RET instruction must be used. In case of multiple interrupts occurring at the same time, the ACEx microcontroller core has prioritized the interrupts. The interrupt priority sequence in shown in Table 8.
mode can be used to address either data or program memory space.
Indirect
The instruction allows the X-pointer to address any location within the data memory space.
Direct
The instruction contains an 8-bit address field that directly points to the data memory space as an operand.
Immediate
The instruction contains an 8-bit immediate field as an operand.
Inherent
This instruction has no operands associated with it.
Absolute
The instruction contains a 10-bit address that directly points to a location in the program memory space. There are two operands associated with this addressing mode. Each operand contains a byte of an address. This mode is used only for the long jump (JMP) and JSR instructions.
4.3 Addressing Modes
The ACEx microcontroller has seven addressing modes indexed, indirect, direct, immediate, absolute jump, and relative jump.
Relative
This mode is used for the short jump (JP) instructions where the operand is a value relative to the current PC address. With this instruction, software is limited to the number of bytes it can jump, -31 or +32.
Indexed
The instruction allows an 8-bit unsigned offset value to be added to the 10-LSBs of the X-pointer yielding a new effective address. This
Figure 13: Basic Interrupt Structure
Interrupt Source with Priority
INTR T1 T0 MIW
T1PND
T0PND
Interrupt
WKPND
Interrupt Pending Flags
T1EN
T0INT EN
WKINT EN
G
Interrupt Enable Bits
Global Interrupt Enable
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Table 9: Instruction Addressing Modes Instruction
ADC ADD AND OR SUBC XOR CLR INC DEC IFEQ IFGT IFNE IFLT SC RC IFC IFNC INVC LDC STC RLC RRC LD ST LD NOP IFBIT SBIT RBIT JP JSR JMP RET RETI INTR no-op no-op no-op #, A #, M #, M #, M #, [X] #, [X] Rel M M A, # X, # M, # #, M #, M M M A, M A, M M, M no-op A, [00,X] A, [00,X] A, [X] A, [X] A A A, # A, # A, # X, # no-op no-op no-op no-op no-op X, # X, # M,#
Immediate
A, # A, # A, # A, # A, # A, #
Direct
A, M A, M A, M A, M A, M A, M M M M A, M A, M A, M
Indexed
Indirect
A, [X] A, [X] A, [X] A, [X] A, [X] A, [X] A A A A, [X] A, [X] A, [X] X X X
Inherent
Relative
Absolute
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Table 10: Instruction Cycles and Bytes Mnemonic Operand Bytes Cycles
ADC ADC ADC ADD ADD ADD AND AND AND CLR CLR CLR DEC DEC DEC IFBIT IFBIT IFC IFEQ IFEQ IFEQ IFEQ IFEQ IFGT IFGT IFGT IFGT IFNE IFNE IFNE IFLT IFNC INC INC INC INTR INVC A M X A, [X] A, # A, M M, # X, # A, # A, [X] A, M X, # A, # A, [X] A, M X, # A, [X] A, M A, # A, [X] A, M A, # A, [X] A, # A, M X A M A M X #, A #, M 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 5 1
Flags affected
C,H,Z,N C,H,Z,N C,H,Z,N Z,N Z,N Z,N Z,N Z,N Z,N Z Z,N,C,H Z,N,C,H Z,N Z,N Z None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None Z,N Z,N Z None C
Mnemonic Operand Bytes Cycles
JMP JP JSR LD LD LD LD LD LD LDC LD NOP OR OR OR RBIT RBIT RC RET RETI RLC RLC RRC RRC SBIT SBIT SC ST ST ST STC SUBC SUBC SUBC XOR XOR XOR A, [00,X] A, [X] A, M #, M A, # A, [X] A, M A, # A, [X] A, M A M A M #, [X] #, M A, # A, [X] A, M #, [X] #, M M A, # A, [00,X] A, [X] A, M M, # X, # #, M M, M M 3 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 1 5 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 5 5 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
Flags affected
None None None None None None None None None C None None Z,N Z,N Z,N Z,N Z,N C,H None None C,Z,N C,Z,N C,Z,N C,Z,N Z,N Z,N C,H None None None Z,N C,H,Z,N C,H,Z,N C,H,Z,N Z,N Z,N Z,N
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4.4 Memory Map
All I/O ports, peripheral registers and core registers, except the accumulator and the program counter are mapped into memory space.
Table 11: Memory Map Address
0x00 - 0x3F 0x40 - 0x7F 0xAA 0xAB 0xAC 0xAD 0xAE 0xAF 0xB0 0xB1 0xB2 0xB3 0xB4 0xB5 0xB6 0xB7 0xB8 - 0xBC 0xBD 0xBE 0xBF 0xC0 0xCE 0xCF 0xC00 - 0xFF5 0xFF6 - 0xFF7 0xFF8 - 0xFF9 0xFFA - 0xFFB 0xFFC - 0xFFD 0xFFE - 0xFFF Data Data Data Data Data Data Program Program Program Program Program LBD Core Core Core Core Core EEPROM Core Core Core Core
Memory Space
Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data
Block
SRAM EEPROM Timer1 Timer1 Timer1 Timer1 Timer1 MIW MIW MIW I/O I/O I/O Timer0 Timer0 Clock
Contents
Data RAM Data EEPROM T1RALO register T1RAHI register TMR1LO register TMR1HI register T1CNTRL register WKEDG register WKPND register WKEN register PORTGD register PORTGC register PORTGP register WDSVR register T0CNTRL register HALT mode register Reserved LBD register XHI register XLO register Power mode clear (PMC) register SP register Status register (SR) Code EEPROM Timer0 Interrupt vector Timer1 Interrupt vector MIW Interrupt vector Software Interrupt vector Reserved
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4.5 Memory
The ACEx microcontroller device has 64 bytes of SRAM and 64 bytes of EEPROM available for data storage. The device also has 1K bytes of EEPROM for program storage. Software can read and write to SRAM and data EEPROM but can only read from the code EEPROM. While in normal mode, the code EEPROM is protected from any writes. The code EEPROM can only be rewritten when the device is in program mode and if the write disable (WDIS) bit of the initialization register is not set to 1. While in normal mode, the user can write to the data EEPROM array by 1) polling the ready (R) flag of the SR, then 2) executing the appropriate instruction. If the R flag is 1, the data EEPROM block is ready to perform the next write. If the R flag is 0, the data EEPROM is busy. The data EEPROM array will reset the R flag after the completion of a write cycle. Attempts to read, write, or enter HALT/IDLE mode while the data EEPROM is busy (R = 0) can affect the current data being written.
4.6 Initialization Registers
The ACEx microcontroller has two 8-bit wide initialization registers. These registers are read from the memory space on powerup to initialize certain on-chip peripherals. Figure 14 provides a detailed description of Initialization Register 1. The Initialization Register 2 is used to trim the internal oscillator to its appropriate frequency. This register is pre-programmed in the factory to yield an internal instruction clock of 1MHz. Both Initialization Registers 1 and 2 can be read from and written to during programming mode. However, re-trimming the internal oscillator (writing to the Initialization Register 2) once it has left the factory is discouraged.
Figure 14: Initialization Register 1 Bit 7
CMODE[0] (0) RDIS 7,8 (1) WDIS 7,8 (2) UBD 7,8 (3) BLSEL 9 (4) BOREN (5) WDEN (6) CMODE[1] (7) CMODE[0]
7 If 8 9
Bit 6
CMODE[1]
Bit 5
WDEN
Bit 4
BOREN
Bit 3
BLSEL
9
Bit 2
UBD
7,8
Bit 1
WDIS
7,8
Bit 0
RDIS 7,8
If set, disables attempts to read the contents from the memory while in programming mode If set, disables attempts to write new contents to the memory while in programming mode If set, the device will not allow any writes to occur in the upper block of data EEPROM (0x60-0x7F) If set, the Brown-out Reset (BOR) voltage reference level is set to its higher range for the ACE1101 If not set, the BOR voltage reference level is set to its lower range for the ACE1101L If set, allows a BOR to occur if VCC falls below the voltage reference level If set, enables the on-chip processor watchdog circuit Clock mode select bit 1 (See Table 17) Clock mode select bit 0 (See Table 17)
both the WDIS and RDIS bits are set, the device will no longer be able to be placed into program mode.
If the RDIS or UBD bits are not set while the WDIS bit is not set, then the RDIS and UBD bits can be reset. The BLSEL bit is set to its appropriate level in the factory. If writing to the initialization register is necessary, be sure to maintain BLSEL set value.
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5.0 Timer 1
Timer 1 is a versatile 16-bit timer that can operate in one of three modes: * Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mode, which generates pulses of a specified width and duty cycle * External Event Counter mode, which counts occurrences of an external event * Standard Input Capture mode, which measures the elapsed time between occurrences of external events Timer 1 contains a 16-bit timer/counter register (TMR1), a 16-bit auto-reload/capture register (T1RA), and an 8-bit control register (T1CNTRL). All register are memory-mapped for simple access through the core with both the 16-bit registers organized as a pair of 8-bit register bytes {TMR1HI, TMR1LO} and {T1RAHI, T1RALO}. Depending on the operating mode, the timer contains an external input or output (T1) that is multiplexed with the I/O pin G2. By default, the TMR1 is reset to 0xFFFF, T1RA is reset to 0x0000, and T1CNTRL is reset to 0x00.
The timer can be started or stopped through the T1CNTRL register bit T1C0. When running, the timer counts down (decrements) every clock cycle. Depending on the operating mode, the timer's clock is either the instruction clock or a transition on the T1 input. In addition, occurrences of timer underflow (transitions from 0x0000 to 0xFFFF/T1RA value) can either generate an interrupt and/or toggle the T1 output pin. Timer 1's interrupt (TMRI1) can be enabled by interrupt enable (T1EN) bit in the T1CNTRL register. When the timer interrupt is enabled, depending on the operating mode, the source of the interrupt is a timer underflow and/or a timer capture.
5.1 Timer control bits
Reading and writing to the T1CNTRL register controls the timer's operation. By writing to the control bits, the user can enable or disable the timer interrupts, set the mode of operation, and start or stop the timer. The T1CNTRL register bits are described in Tables 12 and 13.
Table 12: TIMER1 Control Register Definition (T1CNTRL) T1CNTRL Register
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
Name
T1C3 T1C2 T1C1 T1C0
Function
Timer TIMER1 control bit 3 (see Table 13) Timer TIMER1 control bit 2 (see Table 13) Timer TIMER1 control bit 1 (see Table 13) Timer TIMER1 run: 1 = Start timer, 0 = Stop timer; or Timer TIMER1 underflow interrupt pending flag in input capture mode Timer1 interrupt pending flag: 1 = Timer1 interrupt pending, 0 = Timer1 interrupt not pending Timer1 interrupt enable bit: 1 = Timer1 interrupt enabled, 0 = Timer1 interrupt disabled Reserved Reserved
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
T1PND T1EN ---------------------
Table 13: TIMER1 Operating Mode Selection T1 C3
0 0 1 1 0 0
T1 C2
0 0 0 0 1 1
T1 C1
0 1 1 0 0 1 MODE 2 MODE 2
Timer Mode
Interrupt A Source
TIMER1 Underflow TIMER1 Underflow Autoreload T1RA Autoreload T1RA Pos. T1 Edge Neg. T1 Edge
Timer Counts On
T1 Pos. Edge T1 Neg. Edge Instruction Clock Instruction Clock Instruction Clock Instruction Clock
MODE 1 T1 Toggle MODE 1 No T1 Toggle MODE 3 Captures: T1 Pos. edge MODE 3 Captures: T1 Neg. Edge
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5.2 Mode 1: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Mode
In the PWM mode, the timer counts down at the instruction clock rate. When an underflow occurs, the timer register is reloaded from T1RA and the count down proceeds from the loaded value. At every underflow, a pending flag (T1PND) located in the T1CNTRL register is set. Software must then clear the T1PND flag and load the T1RA register with an alternate PWM value. In addition, the timer can be configured to toggle the T1 output bit upon underflow. Configuring the timer to toggle T1 results in the generation of a signal outputted from port G2 with the width and duty cycle controlled by the values stored in the T1RA. A block diagram of the timer's PWM mode of operation is shown in Figure 15. The timer has one interrupt (TMRI1) that is maskable through the T1EN bit of the T1CNTRL register. However, the core is only interrupted if the T1EN bit and the G (Global Interrupt enable) bit of the SR is set. If interrupts are enabled, the timer will generate an interrupt each time T1PND flags is set (whenever the timer underflows provided that the pending flag was cleared.) The interrupt service routine is responsible for proper handling of the T1PND flag and the T1EN bit. The interrupt will be synchronous with every rising and falling edge of the T1 output signal. Generating interrupts only on rising or falling edges of T1 is achievable through appropriate handling of the T1EN bit or T1PND flag through software. The following steps show how to properly configure Timer 1 to operate in the PWM mode. For this example, the T1 output signal is toggled with every timer underflow and the "high" and "low" times for the T1 output can be set to different values. The T1 output signal can start out either high or low depending on the configuration of G2; the instructions below are for starting with the T1 output high. Follow the instructions in parentheses to start the T1 output low.
1. Configure T1 as an output by setting bit 2 of PORTGC. - SBIT 2, PORTGC ; Configure G2 as an output 2. Initialize T1 to 1 (or 0) by setting (or clearing) bit 2 of PORTGD. - SBIT 2, PORTGD ; Set G2 high 3. Load the initial PWM high (low) time into the timer register. - LD TMR1LO, #6FH ; High (Low) for 1.391ms (1MHz clock) - LD TMR1HI, #05H 4. Load the PWM low (high) time into the T1RA register. - LD T1RALO, #2FH ; Low (High) for .303ms (1MHz clock) - LD T1RAHI, #01H 5. Write the appropriate control value to the T1CNTRL register to select PWM mode with T1 toggle, to clear the enable bit and pending flag, and to start the timer. (See Table 12 and Table 13) - LD T1CNTRL, #0B0H ; Setting the T1C0 bit starts the timer 6. After every underflow, load T1RA with alternate values. If the user wishes to generate an interrupt on a T1 output transition, reset the pending flags and then enable the interrupt using T1EN. The G bit must also be set. The interrupt service routine must reset the pending flag and perform whatever processing is desired. - RBIT T1PND, T1CNTRL ; T1PND equals 3 - LD T1RALO, #6FH ; High (Low) for 1.391ms (1MHz clock) - LD T1RAHI, #05H
Figure 15: Pulse Width Modulation Mode Block Diagram
16-bit Auto-Reload Register (T1RA)
Underflow Interrupt
Data Bus
T1
Data Latch
16-bit Timer (TMR1)
Instruction Clock
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5.3 Mode 2: External Event Counter Mode
The External Event Counter mode operates similarly to the PWM mode; however, the timer is not clocked by the instruction clock but by transitions of the T1 input signal. The edge is selectable through the T1C1 bit of the T1CNTRL register. A block diagram of the timer's External Event Counter mode of operation is shown in Figure 16. The T1 input should be connected to an external device that generates a positive/negative-going pulse for each event. By clocking the timer through T1, the number of positive/negative transitions can be counted therefore allowing software to capture the number of events that occur. The input signal on T1 must have a pulse width equal to or greater than one instruction clock cycle. The counter can be configured to sense either positive-going or negative-going transitions on the T1 pin. The maximum frequency at which transitions can be sensed is one-half the frequency of the instruction clock. As with the PWM mode, when the counter underflows the counter is reloaded from the T1RA register and the count down proceedsfrom the loaded value. At every underflow, a pending flag (T1PND) located in the T1CNTRL register is set. Software must then clear the T1PND flag and can then load the T1RA register with an alternate value. The counter has one interrupt (TMRI1) that is maskable through the T1EN bit of the T1CNTRL register. However, the core is only interrupted if the T1EN bit and the G (Global Interrupt enable) bit of the SR is set. If interrupts are enabled, the counter will generate an interrupt each time the T1PND flag is set (whenever timer underflows provided that the pending flag was cleared.) The interrupt service routine is responsible for proper handling of the T1PND flag and the T1EN bit. The following steps show how to properly configure Timer 1 to operate in the External Event Counter mode. For this example, the counter is clocked every falling edge of the T1 input signal. Follow
the instructions in parentheses to clock the counter every rising edge. 1. Configure T1 as an input by clearing bit 2 of PORTGC. - RBIT 2, PORTGC ; Configure G2 as an input 2. Initialize T1 to input with pull-up by setting bit 2 of PORTGD. - SBIT 2, PORTGD ; Set G2 high 3. Enable the global interrupt enable bit. - SBIT 4, STATUS 4. Load the initial count into the TMR1 and T1RA registers. When the number of external events is detected, the counter will reach zero; however, it will not underflow until the next event is detected. To count N pulses, load the value N-1 into the registers. If it is only necessary to count the number of occurrences and no action needs to be taken at a particular count, load the value 0xFFFF into the registers. - LD TMR1LO, #0FFH - LD TMR1HI, #00H - LD T1RALO, #0FFH - LD T1RAHI, #00H 5. Write the appropriate control value to the T1CNTRL register to select External Event Counter mode, to clock every falling edge, to set the enable bit, to clear the pending flag, and to start the counter. (See Table 12 and Table 13) - LD T1CNTRL, #34H (#00h) ; Setting the T1C0 bit starts the timer 6. When the counter underflows, the interrupt service routine must clear the T1PND flag and take whatever action is required once the number of events occurs. If the software wishes to merely count the number of events and the anticipated number may exceed 65,536, the interrupt service routine should record the number of underflows by incrementing a counter in memory. Software can then calculate the correct event count. - RBIT T1PND, T1CNTRL ; T1PND equals 3
Figure 16: External Event Counter Mode Block Diagram
16-bit Auto-Reload Register (T1RA) Data Bus
Underflow Interrupt
16-bit Counter (TMR1)
T1 Edge Selector Logic
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5.4 Mode 3: Input Capture Mode
In the Input Capture mode, the timer is used to measure elapsed time between edges of an input signal. Once the timer is configured for this mode, the timer starts counting down immediately at the instruction clock rate. The Timer 1 will then transfer the current value of the TMR1 register into the T1RA register as soon as the selected edge of T1 is sensed. The input signal on T1 must have a pulse width equal to or greater than one instruction clock cycle. At every T1RA capture, software can then store the values into RAM to calculate the elapsed time between edges on T1. At any given time (with proper consideration of the state of T1) the timer can be configured to capture on positive-going or negative-going edges. A block diagram of the timer's Input Capture mode of operation is shown in Figure 17. The timer has one interrupt (TMRI1) that is maskable through the T1EN bit of the T1CNTRL register. However, the core is only interrupted if the T1EN bit and the G (Global Interrupt enable) bit of the SR is set. The Input Capture mode contains two interrupt pending flags 1) the TMR1 register capture in T1RA (T1PND) and 2) timer underflow (T1C0). If interrupts are enabled, the timer will generate an interrupt each time a pending flag is set (provided that the pending flag was previously cleared.) The interrupt service routine is responsible for proper handling of the T1PND flag, T1C0 flag, and the T1EN bit. For this operating mode, the T1C0 control bit serves as the timer underflow interrupt pending flag. The Timer 1 interrupt service routine must read both the T1PND and T1C0 flags to determine the cause of the interrupt. A set T1C0 flag means that a timer underflow occurred whereas a set T1PND flag means that a capture occurred in T1RA. It is possible that both flags will be found set, meaning that both events occurred at the same time. The interrupt service routine should take this possibility into consideration. Because the T1C0 bit is used as the underflow interrupt pending flag, it is not available for use as a start/stop bit as in the other modes. The TMR1 register counts down continuously at the instruction clock rate starting from the time that the input capture mode is selected. (See Table 12and Table 13) To stop the timer from running, you must change the mode to an alternate mode (PWM or External Event Counter) while resetting the T1C0 bit. The input pins can be independently configured to sense positivegoing or negative-going transitions. The edge sensitivity of pin T1 is controlled by bit T1C1 as indicated in Table 13. The edge sensitivity of a pin can be changed without leaving the
input capture mode even while the timer is running. This feature allows you to measure the width of a pulse received on an input pin. For example, the T1 pin can be programmed to be sensitive to a positive-going edge. When the positive edge is sensed, the TMR1 register contents is transferred to the T1RA register and a Timer 1 interrupt is generated. The Timer 1 interrupt service routine records the contents of the T1RA register, changes the edge sensitivity from positive to negative-going edge, and clears the T1PND flag. When the negative-going edge is sensed another Timer 1 interrupt is generated. The interrupt service routine reads the T1RA register again. The difference between the previous reading and the current reading reflects the elapsed time between the positive edge and negative edge of the T1 input signal i.e. the width of the positive-going pulse. Remember that the Timer1 interrupt service routine must test the T1C0 and T1PND flags to determine the cause of the interrupt. If the T1C0 flag caused the interrupt, the interrupt service routine should record the occurrence of an underflow by incrementing a counter in memory or by some other means. The software that calculates the elapsed time between captures should take into account the number of underflow that occurred when making its calculation. The following steps show how to properly configure Timer 1 to operate in the Input Capture mode. 1. Configure T1 as an input by clearing bit 2 of PORTGC. - RBIT 2, PORTGC ; Configure G2 as an input 2. Initialize T1 to input with pull-up by setting bit 2 of PORTGD. - SBIT 2, PORTGD ; Set G2 high 3. Enable the global interrupt enable bit. - SBIT 4, STATUS 4. With the timer stopped, load the initial time into the TMR1 register (typically the value is 0xFFFF.) - LD TMR1LO, #0FFH - LD TMR1HI, #00H 5. Write the appropriate control value to the T1CNTRL register to select Input Capture mode, to sense the appropriate edge, to set the enable bit, and to clear the pending flags. (See Table 12 and Table 13) - LD T1CNTRL, #64H ; T1C1 is the edge select bit 6. As soon as the input capture mode is enabled, the timer starts counting. When the selected edge is sensed on T1, the T1RA register is loaded and a Timer 1 interrupt is triggered.
Figure 17: Input Capture Mode Block Diagram
Capture Interrupt
T1 Edge Selector Logic Underflow Interrupt
16-bit Input Capture Register (T1RA) Data Bus
16-bit Timer (TMR1)
Instruction Clock
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6.0 Timer 0
Timer 0 is a 12-bit free running idle timer. Upon power-up or any reset, the timer is reset to 0x000 and then counts up continuously based on the instruction clock of 1MHz (1 s). Software cannot read from or write to this timer. However, software can monitor the timer's pending (T0PND) bit that is set every 8192 cycles (initially 4096 cycles after a reset). The T0PND flag is set every other time the timer overflows (transitions from 0xFFF to 0x000) through a divide-by-2 circuit. After an overflow, the timer will reset and restart its counting sequence. Software can either poll the T0PND bit or vector to an interrupt subroutine. In order to interrupt on a T0PND, software must be sure to enable the Timer 0 interrupt enable (T0INTEN) bit in the Timer 0 control (T0CNTRL) register and also make sure the G bit is set in SR. Once the timer interrupt is serviced, software should reset the T0PND bit before exiting the routine. Timer 0 supports the following functions: 1. Exiting from IDLE mode (See Section 16.0 for details.) 2. Start up delay from HALT mode 3. Watchdog pre-scaler (See Section 7.0 for details.) The T0INTEN bit is a read/write bit. If set to 0, interrupt requests from the Timer 0 are ignored. If set to 1, interrupt requests are accepted. Upon reset, the T0INTEN bit is reset to 0. The T0PND bit is a read/write bit. If set to 1, it indicates that a Timer 0 interrupt is pending. This bit is set by a Timer 0 overflow and is
reset by software or system reset. The WKINTEN bit is used in the Multi-input Wakeup/Interrupt block. See Section 8 for details.
7.0 Watchdog
The Watchdog timer is used to reset the device and safely recover in the rare event of a processor "runaway condition." The 12-bit Timer 0 is used as a pre-scaler for Watchdog timer. The Watchdog timer must be serviced before every 61,440 cycles but no sooner than 4096 cycles since the last Watchdog reset. The Watchdog is serviced through software by writing the value 0x1B to the Watchdog Service (WDSVR) register (see Figure 19). The part resets automatically if the Watchdog is serviced too frequent, or not frequent enough. The Watchdog timer must be enabled through the Watchdog enable bit (WDEN) in the initialization register. The WDEN bit can only be set while the device is in programming mode. Once set, the Watchdog will always be powered-up enabled. Software cannot disable the Watchdog. The Watchdog timer can only be disabled in programming mode by resetting the WDEN bit as long as the memory write protect (WDIS) feature is not enabled.
WARNING
Ensure that the Watchdog timer has been serviced before entering IDLE mode because it remains operational during this time.
Figure 18: Timer 0 Control Register Definition (T0CNTRL) Bit 7
WKINTEN
Bit 6
x
Bit 5
x
Bit 4
x
Bit 3
x
Bit 2
x
Bit 1
T0PND
Bit 0
T0INTEN
Figure 19: Watchdog Server Register (WDSVR) Bit 7
0
Bit 6
0
Bit 5
0
Bit 4
1
Bit 3
1
Bit 2
0
Bit 1
1
Bit 0
1
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8.0 Multi-Input Wakeup/interrupt Block
The Multi-Input Wakeup (MIW)/Interrupt contains three memorymapped registers associated with this circuit: WKEDG (Wakeup Edge), WKEN (Wakeup Enable), and WKPND (Wakeup Pending). Each register has 8-bits with each bit corresponding to an input pins as shown in Figure 20. All three registers are initialized to zero upon reset. The WKEDG register establishes the edge sensitivity for each of the wakeup input pin: either positive going-edge (0) or negative-going edge (1). The WKEN register enables (1) or disables (0) each of the port pins for the Wakeup/Interrupt function. The wakeup I/Os used for the Wakeup/Interrupt function must also be configured as an input pin in its associated port configuration register. However, an interrupt of the core will not occur unless interrupts are enabled for the block via bit 7 of the T0CNTRL register (see Figure 18) and the G (global interrupt enable) bit of the SR is set. The WKPND register contains the pending flags corresponding to each of the port pins (1 for wakeup/interrupt pending, 0 for wakeup/interrupt not pending). To use the Multi-Input Wakeup/Interrupt circuit, perform the steps listed below. Performing the steps in the order shown will prevent false triggering of a Wakeup/Interrupt condition. This same procedure should be used following any type of reset because the wakeup inputs are left floating after resets resulting in unknown data on the port inputs. 1. Clear the WKEN register. - CLR WKEN 2. If necessary, write to the port configuration register to select the desired port pins to be configured as inputs. - RBIT 4, PORTGC ; G4 3. If necessary, write to the port data register to select the desired port pins input state. - SBIT 4, PORTGD ; Pull-up 4. Write the WKEDG register to select the desired type of edge sensitivity for each of the pins used. - LD WKEDG, #0FFH ; All negative-going edges 5. Clear the WKPND register to cancel any pending bits. - CLR WKPND
6. Set the WKEN bits associated with the pins to be used, thus enabling those pins for the Wakeup/Interrupt function. - LD WKEN, #10H ; Enabling G4 Once the Multi-Input Wakeup/Interrupt function has been configured, a transition sensed on any of the I/O pins will set the corresponding bit in the WKPND register. The WKPND bits , where the corresponding enable (WKEN ) bits are set, will bring the device out of the HALT/IDLE mode and can also trigger an interrupt if interrupts are enabled. The interrupt service routine can read the WKPND register to determine which pin sensed the interrupt. The interrupt service routine or other software should clear the pending bit. The device will not enter HALT/IDLE mode as long as a WKPND pending bit is pending and enabled. The user has the responsibility of clearing the pending flags before attempting to enter the HALT/IDLE mode. Upon reset, the WKEDG register is configured to select positivegoing edge sensitivity for all wakeup inputs. If the user wishes to change the edge sensitivity of a port pin, use the following procedure to avoid false triggering of a Wakeup/Interrupt condition. 1. Clear the WKEN bit associated with the pin to disable that pin. 2. Write the WKEDG register to select the new type of edge sensitivity for the pin. 3. Clear the WKPND bit associated with the pin. 4. Set the WKEN bit associated with the pin to re-enable it. PORTG provides the user with three fully selectable, edge sensitive interrupts that are all vectored into the same service subroutine. The interrupt from PORTG shares logic with the wakeup circuitry. The WKEN register allows interrupts from PORTG to be individually enabled or disabled. The WKEDG register specifies the trigger condition to be either a positive or a negative edge. The WKPND register latches in the pending trigger conditions. Since PORTG is also used for exiting the device from the HALT/IDLE mode, the user can elect to exit the HALT/IDLE mode either with or without the interrupt enabled. If the user elects to disable the interrupt, then the device restarts execution from the point at which it was stopped (first instruction cycle of the instruction following HALT/IDLE mode entrance instruction). In the other case, the device finishes the instruction that was being executed when the part was stopped and then branches to the interrupt service routine. The device then reverts to normal operation.
Figure 20: Multi-input Wakeup (MIW) Register Definition WKEDG, WKEN, WKPND Bit 7
10G7
10
Bit 6
10G6
Bit 5
G5
Bit 4
G4
Bit 3
G3
Bit 2
G2
Bit 1
G1
Bit 0
G0
Available only on the 14-pin package option
Figure 21: Multi-input Wakeup (MIWU) Block Diagram
Data Bus
7
0
WKEN[7:0] G0
0
WKOUT EDGEI
G7 WKEDG[0:7]
11
7
WKPND[0:7]
WKINTEN 11
WKINTEN: Bit 7 of T0CNTRL
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9.0
I/O Port
The six I/O pins (eight on 14-pin package option) are bi-directional (see Figure 22) with the exception of G3 which is always an input with weak pull-up. The bi-directional I/O pins can be individually configured by software to operate as high-impedance inputs, as inputs with weak pull-up, or as push-pull outputs. The operating state is determined by the contents of the corresponding bits in the data and configuration registers. Each bi-directional I/O pin can be used for general purpose I/O, or in some cases, for a specific alternate function determined by the on-chip hardware.
9.1 I/O registers
The I/O pins (G0-G7) have three memory-mapped port registers associated with the I/O circuitry: a port configuration register
(PORTGC), a port data register (PORTGD), and a port input register (PORTGP). PORTGC is used to configure the pins as inputs or outputs. A pin may be configured as an input by writing a 0 or as an output by writing a 1 to its corresponding PORTGC bit. If a pin is configured as an output, its PORTGD bit represents the state of the pin (1 = logic high, 0 = logic low). If the pin is configured as an input, its PORTGD bit selects whether the pin is a weak pullup or a high-impedence input. Table 14 provides details of the port configuration options. The port configuration and data registers can both be read from or written to. Reading PORTGP returns the value of the port pins regardless of how the pins are configured. Since this device supports MIW, PORTG inputs have Schmitt triggers.
Figure 22: PORTG Logic Diagram
GXPULLEN GXBUFEN PADGX GXOUT GXIN
Figure 23: I/O Register bit assignments (PORTGC, PORTGD, PORTGD) PORTGC, PORGD, PORTGD Bit 7
G712
12 13
Bit 6
G612
Bit 5
G5
Bit 4
G4
Bit 3
G313
Bit 2
G2
Bit 1
G1
Bit 0
G0
Available only on the 14-pin package option G3 is always an input with weak pull-up.
Table 14: I/O configuration options Configuration Bit
0 0 1 1
Data Bit
0 1 0 1
Port Pin Configuration
High-impedence input (TRI-STATE input) Input with pull-up (weak one input) Push-pull zero output Push-pull one output
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10.0 In-circuit Programming Specification14, 15
The ACEx microcontroller supports in-circuit programming of the internal data EEPROM, code EEPROM, and the initialization registers. An externally controlled four wire interface consisting of a LOAD control pin (G3), a serial data SHIFT-IN input pin (G4), a serial data SHIFT-OUT output pin (G2), and a CLOCK pin (G1) is used to access the on-chip memory locations. Communication between the ACEx microcontroller and the external programmer is made through a 32bit command and response word described in Table 15. The serial data timing for the four-wire interface is shown in Figure 25 and the programming protocol is shown in Figure 24. 0V phase (if the timing specifications in Figure 24 are obeyed). The device will set the R bit of the Status register when the write operation has completed. The external programmer must wait for the SHIFT_OUT pin to go high before bringing the LOAD signal to 5V to initiate a normal command cycle.
10.2 Read Sequence
When reading the device after a write, the external programmer must set the LOAD signal to 5V before it sends the new command word. Next, the 32-bit serial command word (for during a READ) should be shifted into the device using the SHIFT_IN and the CLOCK signals while the data from the previous command is serially shifted out on the SHIFT_OUT pin. After the Read command has been shifted into the device, the external programmer must, once again, set the LOAD signal to 0V and apply two clock pulses as shown in Figure 24 to complete READ cycle. Data from the selected memory location, will be latched into the lower 8 bits of the command word shortly after the second rising edge of the CLOCK signal. Writing a series of bytes to the device is achieved by sending a series of Write command words while observing the devices handshaking requirements. Reading a series of bytes from the device is achieved by sending a series of Read command words with the desired addresses in sequence and reading the following response words to verify the correct address and data contents. The addresses of the data EEPROM and code EEPROM locations are the same as those used in normal operation. Powering down the device will cause the part to exit programming mode.
10.1 Write Sequence
The external programmer brings the ACEx microcontroller into programming mode by applying a super voltage level to the LOAD pin. The external programmer then needs to set the LOAD pin to 5V before shifting in the 32-bit serial command word using the SHIFT_IN and CLOCK signals. By definition, bit 31 of the command word is shifted in first. At the same time, the ACEx microcontroller shifts out the 32-bit serial response to the last command on the SHIFT_OUT pin. It is recommended that the external programmer samples this signal tACCESS (1s) after the rising edge of the CLOCK signal. The serial response word, sent immediately after entering programming mode, contains indeterminate data. After 32 bits have been shifted into the device, the external programmer must set the LOAD signal to 0V, and then apply two clock pulses as shown in Figure 24 to complete program cycle. The SHIFT_OUT pin acts as the handshaking signal between the device and programming hardware once the LOAD signal is brought low. The device sets SHIFT_OUT low by the time the programmer has sent the second rising edge during the LOAD =
Table 15: 32-Bit Command and Response Word Bit number
bits 31 - 30 bit 29 bit 28 bits 27 - 25 bit 24 bits 23 - 18 bits 17 - 8 bits 7 - 0
14Ffor 15
Input command word
Must be set to 0 Set to 1 to read/write data EEPROM or the initialization registers, otherwise 0 Set to 1 to read/write code EEPROM, otherwise 0 Must be set to 0 Set to 1 to read, 0 to write Must be set to 0 Address of the byte to be read or written Data to be programm ed or zero if data is to be read X X X X X X
Output response word
Same as Input command word Programmed data or data read at specified address
further information see Application Note AN-8005.
During in-circuit programming, G5 must be either not connected or driven high.
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
Figure 24- Programming Protocol15
tSV1 tSV2
A
tload1 tload2 tready tload3 tload4
A
LOAD (G3) CLOCK (G1) SHIFT_IN (G4) SHIFT_OUT (G2) (in write mode) SHIFT_OUT (G2) (in read mode)
enter prog. mode
32 clock pulses
bit 31
bit 30
bit 0
BUSY low by 2nd clock pulse
bit 31 READY
BUSY
A: start of programming cycle
Figure 25- Serial Data Timing
tHI CLOCK (G1) tDIS SHIFT_IN (G4) Valid tDOS SHIFT_OUT (G2) tACCESS Valid tDOH tDIH tLO
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
11.0 Brown-out/Low Battery Detect Circuit
The Brown-out Reset (BOR) and Low Battery Detect (LBD) circuits on the ACEx microcontroller have been designed to offer two types of voltage reference comparators. The sections below will describe the functionality of both circuits.
can be thought of as a supplement function to the Power-on Reset when VCC does not fall below ~1.5V. The Power-on Reset circuit works best when VCC starts from zero and rises sharply. So in applications where VCC is not constant, the BOR will give added device stability. The BOR circuit must be enabled through the BOR enable bit (BOREN) in the initialization register. The BOREN bit can only be set while the device is in programming mode. Once set, the BOR will always be powered-up enabled. Software cannot disable the BOR. The BOR can only be disabled in programming mode by resetting the BOREN bit as long as the global write protect (WDIS) feature is not enabled.
Figure 26: BOR/LBD Block Diagram
Vcc
1.8V 2.2V
0
_
BOR to RESET logic
1 S
+
BLSEL16
_
LBD Adjust Reference Voltage
11.2 Low Battery Detect
The Low Battery Detect (LBD) circuit allows software to monitor the VCC level at the lower voltage ranges. LBD has an eight level software programmable voltage reference threshold that can be changed on the fly. Once VCC falls below the selected threshold, the LBD flag in the LBD control register is set. The LBD flag will hold its value until VCC rises above the threshold. (See Table 16) The LBD bit is read only. If LBD is 0, it indicates that the VCC level is higher than the selected threshold. If LBD is 1, it indicates that the VCC level is below the selected threshold. The threshold level can be adjusted up to eight levels using the three trim bits (Bat_trim[2:0]) of the LBD control register. The LBD flag does not cause any hardware actions or an interruption of the processor. It is for software monitoring only. The LBD function is disabled during HALT/IDLE mode. After exiting HALT/IDLE, software must wait at lease 10 s before reading the LBD bit to ensure that the internal circuit has stabilized.
16 17
+
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LBD Control Register
11.1 Brown-out
Reset 17
The Brown-out Reset (BOR) function is used to hold the device in reset when VCC drops below a fixed threshold. (See BOR Electrical Characteristics for threshold voltage.) While in reset, the device is held in its initial condition until VCC rises above the threshold value. Shortly after VCC rises above the threshold value, an internal reset sequence is started. After the reset sequence, the core fetches the first instruction and starts normal operation. On the devices, the BOR should be used in situations when VCC rises and falls slowly and in situations when VCC does not fall to zero before rising back to operating range. The Brown-out Reset
See Figure 14 for information on BLSEL. BOR is not available on the ACE1101B device.
Table 16: LBD Control Register Definition Bit 7 Bit 6
Bat_trim[2:0]
Bit 5
Bit 4
X
Bit 3
X
Bit 2
X
Bit 1
X
Bit 0
LBD
Level
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Bat_trim[2]
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Bat_trim[1]
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
Voltage Reference Bat_trim[0] Range (20%)
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2.9 - 3.0 2.8 - 2.9 2.7 - 2.8 2.6 - 2.7 2.5 - 2.6 2.4 - 2.5 2.3 - 2.4 2.2 - 2.3
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
12.0 RESET block
When a RESET sequence is initiated, all I/O registers will be reset setting all I/Os to high-impedence inputs. The system clock is restarted after the required clock start-up delay. A reset is generated by any one of the following three conditions: * Power-on Reset (as described in Section 13.0) * Brown-out Reset (as described in Section 11.1) * Watchdog Reset (as described in Section 7.0) * External Reset18 (as described in Section 13.0)
The external reset provides a way to properly reset the ACEx microcontroller if POR cannot be used in the application. The external reset pin contains an internal pull-up resistor. Therefore, to reset the device the reset pin should be held low for at least 2ms so that the internal clock has enough time to stabilize.
14.0 CLOCK
The ACEx microcontroller has an on-board oscillator trimmed to a frequency of 2MHz who is divided down by two yielding a 1MHz frequency. (See AC Electrical Characteristics.) Upon power-up, the on-chip oscillator runs continuously unless entering HALT mode or using an external clock source. If required, an external oscillator circuit may be used depending on the states of the CMODE bits of the initialization register. (See Table 17) When the device is driven using an external clock, the clock input to the device (G1/CKI) can range between DC to 4MHz. For external crystal configuration, the output clock (CKO) is on the G0 pin. (See Figure 28) If an external crystal or RC is used, internally the input frequency (CKI) is divided-down by four to yield the corresponding instruction clock. If the device is configured for an external square clock, it will not be divided.
13.0 Power-On-Reset
The Power-On Reset (POR) circuit is guaranteed to work if the rate of rise of VCC is no slower than 10ms/1volt. The POR circuit was designed to respond to fast low to high transitions between 0V and VCC. The circuit will not work if VCC does not drop to 0V before the next power-up sequence. In applications where 1) the VCC rise is slower than 10ms/1 volt or 2) VCC does not drop to 0v before the next power-up sequence the external reset option should be used.
Table 17: CMODEx Bit Definition CMODE[1]
0 0 1 1
CMODE[0]
0 1 0 1
Clock Type
Internal 1 MHz clock External square clock External crystal/resonator External RC clock
Figure 27: BOR and POR Circuit Relationship Diagram
VCC (Pin 8)
BOR output
VCC 1.75 0 VCC 0 Time BOR Output VCC
A
Reset circuit output
Global Reset to Logic
POR output
5.0V 1.8V 0 VCC POR output 0
VCC
External Reset Pin (14-Pin Only)
B
The Reset circuit will trigger when inputs A or B transition from High to Low. At that time the Global Reset signal will go high which will reset all controller logic. The Global Reset will go high and stay high for around 1s.
(Pin 7)
POR Output Pulse
18
Available only on the 14-pin package option.
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Figure 28: Crystal (a) and RC (b) Oscillator Diagrams
a) CKI (G1) CKO (G0) b) CKI (G1) CKO (G0)
1M R VCC C 33pF 33pF
15.0 HALT Mode
The HALT mode is a power saving feature that almost completely shuts down the device for current conservation. The device is placed into HALT mode by setting the HALT enable bit (EHALT) of the HALT register through software using only the "LD M, #" instruction. EHALT is a write only bit and is automatically cleared upon exiting HALT. When entering HALT, the internal oscillator and all the on-chip systems including the LBD and the BOR circuits are shut down. The device can exit HALT mode only by the MIW circuit. Therefore, prior to entering HALT mode, software must configure the MIW circuit accordingly. (See Section 8) After a wakeup from HALT, a 1ms start-up delay is initiated to allow the internal oscillator to stabilize before normal execution resumes. Immediately after exiting HALT, software must clear the Power Mode Clear (PMC) register by only using the "LD M, #" instruction. (See Figure 30)
16.0 IDLE Mode
In addition to the HALT mode power saving feature, the device also supports an IDLE mode operation. The device is placed into IDLE mode by setting the IDLE enable bit (EIDLE) of the HALT register through software using only the "LD M, #" instruction. EIDLE is a write only bit and is automatically cleared upon exiting IDLE. The IDLE mode operation is similar to HALT except the internal oscillator, the Watchdog, and the Timer 0 remain active while the other on-chip systems including the LBD and the BOR circuits are shut down. The device can exit IDLE by a Timer 0 overflow every 8192 cycles or/and by the MIW circuit. If exiting IDLE mode with the MIW, prior to entering, software must configure the MIW circuit accordingly. (See Section 8) Once a wake from IDLE mode is triggered, the core will begin normal operation by the next clock cycle. Immediately after exiting IDLE mode, software must clear the Power Mode Clear (PMC) register by using only the "LD M, #" instruction. (See Figure 31)
Figure 29: HALT Register Definition Bit 7
undefined
Bit 6
undefined
Bit 5
undefined
Bit 4
undefined
Bit 3
undefined
Bit 2
undefined
Bit 1
EIDLE
Bit 0
EHALT
Figure 30: Recommended HALT Flow
Figure 31: Recommended IDLE Flow
Normal Mode
Normal Mode
LD
HALT, #01H
LD HALT, #01h
Timer0 Underflow IDLE Mode Multi-Input Wakeup
Multi-Input Wakeup
Halt
LD
PMC, #00H
Resume Normal Mode
LD PMC, #00h
Resume Normal Mode
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Ordering Information
Part Numbe 0 ACE1101MT8 ACE1101MT8X ACE1101N ACE1101N14 ACE1101EMT8 ACE1101EMT8X ACE1101EN ACE1101EN14 ACE1101VMT8 ACE1101VMT8X ACE1101VN ACE1101VN14 ACE1101BMT8 ACE1101BMT8X ACE1101BN ACE1101BN14 ACE1101BEMT8 ACE1101BEMT8X ACE1101BEN ACE1101BEN14 ACE1101BVMT8 ACE1101BVMT8X ACE1101BVN ACE1101BVN14 ACE1101LMT8 ACE1101LMT8X ACE1101LN ACE1101LN14 Core Type 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 Max. # I/Os 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Program Memory Size 1K 2K X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Operating Voltage Range 1.8 - 5.5V 2.2 - 5.5V X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2.7 - 5.5V Temperature Range 0 to 70C X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X -40 to +85C -40 to +125C 8-pin TSSOP X X X X X Package 8-pin DIP 14-pin DIP Tape and Reel
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
0.114 - 0.122 (2.90 - 3.10)
8
5
(4.16) Typ (7.72) Typ 0.169 - 0.177 (4.30 - 4.50) (1.78) Typ (0.42) Typ (0.65) Typ
0.246 - 0.256 (6.25 - 6.5)
0.123 - 0.128 (3.13 - 3.30)
1
4
Pin #1 IDENT
Land pattern recommendation
0.0433 Max (1.1) 0.002 - 0.006 (0.05 - 0.15) 0.0256 (0.65) Typ.
See detail A
0.0035 - 0.0079
0.0075 - 0.0118 (0.19 - 0.30)
0-8
Gage plane
DETAIL A Typ. Scale: 40X
0.020 - 0.028 (0.50 - 0.70) Seating plane
0.0075 - 0.0098 (0.19 - 0.25)
Notes: Unless otherwise specified 1. Reference JEDEC registration MO153. Variation AA. Dated 7/93
8-Pin Molded TSSOP (MT8) Order Number ACE1101(1101L)MT8/ACE1101EMT8/ACE1101VMT8 ACE1101BMT8/ACE1101BEMT8/ACE1101BVMT8 Package Number MTC08
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
0.373 - 0.400 (9.474 - 10.16) 0.090 (2.286) 0.092 DIA (2.337) Pin #1 IDENT Option 1
8
+
7
6
5
0.250 - 0.005 (6.35 0.127)
0.032 0.005 (0.813 0.127) RAD Pin #1 IDENT
8
7
1 1 2 3 4
0.039 (0.991) 0.130 0.005 (3.302 0.127) Option 2 0.145 - 0.200 (3.683 - 5.080) 0.040 Typ. (1.016)
0.280 MIN (7.112) 0.300 - 0.320 (7.62 - 8.128)
0.030 MAX (0.762) 20 1
95 5 0.009 - 0.015 (0.229 - 0.381) +0.040 0.325 -0.015 +1.016 8.255 -0.381 0.125 (3.175) DIA NOM
0.065 (1.651)
0.125 - 0.140 (3.175 - 3.556) 90 4 Typ 0.018 0.003 (0.457 0.076) 0.100 0.010 (2.540 0.254) 0.060 (1.524)
0.020 (0.508) Min
0.045 0.015 (1.143 0.381) 0.050 (1.270)
8-Pin DIP (N) Order Number ACE1101(1101L)N/ACE1101EN/ACE1101VN ACE1101BN/ACE1101BEN/ACE1101BVN Package Number N08E
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ACE1101 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACExTM) for Low Power Applications
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
14-Pin DIP (N14) Order Number ACE1101(1101L)N14/ACE1101EN14/ACE1101VN14 ACE1101BN14/ACE1101BEN14/ACE1101BVNT14 Package Number N014A
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ACEx Development Tools
General Information
Fairchild Semiconductor offers different possibilities to evaluate and emulate software written for ACEx.
ACEx Emulator Kit: Fairchild also offers a low cost real-time incircuit emulator kit that includes: Emulator board Emulator software Assembler and Manuals Power supply DIP14 target cable PC cable The ACEx emulator allows for debugging the program code in a symbolic format. It is possible to place one breakpoint and watch various data locations. It also has built-in programming capability. Prototype Board Kits: Fairchild offer two solutions for the simplification of the breadboard operation so that ACEx Applications can be quickly tested. 1) ACEDEMO is can be used for general purpose applications 2) ACETXRX for transmitting / receiving (RF, IR, RS232, RS485) applications. ACEDEMO has 8 switches, 8 LEDs, RS232 voltage translator, buzzer, and a lamp with a small breadboard area.
ACEx Starter Kit includes:
Programmer Board Simulator Software Programmer Software Assembler and Manuals Cables and samples devices DIP programming sockets Programmer board: Interfaces with a PC through a Windows program using the serial communication port. This board is intended for engineering prototype and can be used for small volume production. Fairchild offers factory pre-programming and serialization (for justified quantities) for a small additional cost. Please refer to your local distributor for details regarding factory programming. Simulator: Is a Windows program able to load, assemble, and debug ACEx programs. It is possible to place as many breakpoints as needed, trace the program execution in symbolic format, and program a device with the proper options. The ACEx Simulator is available free-of-charge and can be downloaded from Fairchild's web site at www.fairchildsemi.com/products/memory/ace
Ordering P/Ns
Starter Kit: ACESTART1101 ACESTART1202 Programming Adapters: DIP8 - ACESDIP8 DIP14 - ACESDIP14 TSSOP8 - ACESTSSOP8 SO8 - ACESSOP8 SO14 - ACESSOP15 Emulator Kit: ACEICE (110Vac) ACEICE_EU (220Vac) Prototype Boards: ACEDEMO ACETXRX (specify RF freq. 433 or 315MHz)
Life Support Policy
Fairchild's products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the President of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user.
Fairchild Semiconductor Americas Customer Response Center Tel. 1-888-522-5372 Fairchild Semiconductor Europe Fax: +44 (0) 1793-856858 Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 8141-6102-0 English Tel: +44 (0) 1793-856856 Francais Tel: +33 (0) 1-6930-3696 Italiano Tel: +39 (0) 2-249111-1
2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Fairchild Semiconductor Hong Kong 8/F, Room 808, Empire Centre 68 Mody Road, Tsimshatsui East Kowloon. Hong Kong Tel; +852-2722-8338 Fax: +852-2722-8383
Fairchild Semiconductor Japan Ltd. 4F, Natsume Bldg. 2-18-6, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-0034 Japan Tel: 81-3-3818-8840 Fax: 81-3-3818-8841
Fairchild does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and Fairchild reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
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